hard

hard　英 [hɑ:d] 　美 [hɑrd]

adj. 努力的；硬的；困难的；严厉的；猛烈的；　 adv. 努力地；困难地；猛烈地；　

名词复数:hards　比较级:harder　最高级:hardest　

a hard mattress　硬床垫

Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.　钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。

Hard is the opposite of "easy." If you're just beginning an exercise routine, don't push yourself too hard in the beginning, to avoid injury.

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adj. 努力的；硬的；困难的；严厉的；猛烈的；
adv. 努力地；困难地；猛烈地；

1. a hard mattress

硬床垫
2. Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.

钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。
3. a hard choice/question

为难的选择；难以回答的问题
4. It is hard to believe that she's only nine.

很难相信她只有九岁。
5. It must be hard for her, bringing up four children .

她抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。
6. She's a very hard worker.

她工作很卖力。
7. He gave the door a good hard kick.

他狠狠踢了一下门。
8. My father was a hard man.

我父亲是个不讲情面的人。
9. It had been a hard winter.

那年的冬天特别冷。
10. to work hard

努力工作
11. You must try harder.

你得更加努力。

hard (adj.) Old English heard "solid and firm, not soft," also, "difficult to endure, carried on with great exertion," also, of persons, "severe, rigorous, harsh, cruel," from Proto-Germanic *hardu- (source also of Old Saxon hard, Old Frisian herd, Dutch hard, Old Norse harðr "hard," Old High German harto "extremely, very," German hart, Gothic hardus "hard"), from PIE *kortu-, suffixed form of root *kar- "hard."
hard (adv.) Old English hearde "firmly, severely," from hard (adj.). Meaning "with effort or energy, with difficulty" is late 14c.

hard ★ / hɑːd ; NAmE hɑːrd / adjective , adverb hard hards harder hardest adjective ★ ( hard·er , hard·est ) solid/stiff 坚固；坚硬 1 ★ solid, firm or stiff and difficult to bend or break 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的 ◆ Wait for the concrete to go hard. 等待混凝土凝结。 ◆ a hard mattress 硬床垫 ◆ Diamonds are the hardest known mineral. 钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。 OPP soft difficult 不易 2 ★ difficult to do, understand or answer 难做的；难懂的；难以回答的 ◆ a hard choice/question 为难的选择；难以回答的问题 hardto do sth ◆ It is hard to believethat she's only nine. 很难相信她只有九岁。 ◆ It's hard to seehow they can lose. 很难理解他们怎么会输。 ◆ ‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's hard to say.’ (= it is difficult to be certain) “这项工作什么时候能完成？”“难说。” ◆ I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept). 他的态度让我难以接受。 ◆ We're finding reliable staff hard to come by (= difficult to get). 我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。 hardfor sb (to do sth) ◆ It's hard for old people to change their ways. 老年人难以改变他们的习惯。 ◆ It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own. 她一个人抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。 OPP easy 3 ★ full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money 困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的 SYN tough ◆ Times were hard at the end of the war. 战争后期生活很艰苦。 ◆ She's had a hard life. 她一生艰苦。 OPP easy needing/using effort 费力；用力 4 ★ needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的 ◆ It's hard workshovelling snow. 铲雪是个苦活儿。 ◆ I've had a long hard day. 我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。 ☞synonyms at difficult 5 ★ (of people 人 ) putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity 努力的；勤劳的 ◆ She's a very hard worker. 她工作很卖力。 ◆ He's hard at workon a new novel. 他正努力忙着写一本新小说。 ◆ When I left they were all still hard at it (= working hard). 我离开的时候他们都还在努力工作。 ☞synonyms at difficult 6 ★ done with a lot of strength or force 用力的；猛烈的 ◆ He gave the door a good hard kick. 他狠狠踢了一下门。 ◆ a hard punch 砰的一拳 without sympathy 缺乏同情心 7 ★ showing no sympathy or affection 冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的 ◆ My father was a hard man. 我父亲是个不讲情面的人。 ◆ She gave me a hard stare. 她狠狠地看了我一眼。 ◆ He said some very hard things to me. 他对我说了些很不近人情的话。 not afraid 不畏惧 8 ( informal) (of people 人 ) ready to fight and showing no signs of fear or weakness 准备战斗的；不软弱退缩的 ◆ Come and get me if you think you're hard enough. 你要是觉得自己有种，就冲着我来吧。 ◆ You think you're really hard, don't you? 你是不是以为自己真的很勇猛？ facts/evidence 事实；证据 9 [only before noun ] definitely true and based on information that can be proved 确凿的；可证实的；可靠的 ◆ Is there any hard evidenceeither way? 不管正反，有什么确凿证据吗？ ◆ The newspaper story is based on hard facts. 报纸的这篇报道有可靠的事实根据。 weather 天气 10 very cold and severe 寒冷的；凛冽的 ◆ It had been a hard winter. 那年的冬天特别冷。 ◆ There was a hard frostthat night. 那天晚上寒冷多霜。 ☞compare mild adj. (2 ) drink 饮料 11 [only before noun ] strongly alcoholic 酒精浓度高的；烈性的 ◆ hard liquor 烈酒 ◆ ( informal) a drop of the hard stuff (= a strong alcoholic drink) 少许烈酒 ☞compare soft drink water 水 12 containing calciumand other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult 硬的（含钙及镁盐较多） ◆ a hard waterarea 硬水区 ◆ Our water is very hard. 我们的水很硬。 OPP soft consonants 辅音 13 ( phonetics 语音 ) used to describe a letter cor gwhen pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’ 硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 在 cat 或 go 等词中的发音） OPP soft ▶ hard·ness / hɑːdnəs ; NAmE hɑːrdnəs / noun [uncountable ] ◆ water hardness 水的硬度 ◆ hardness of heart 硬心肠 IDIOMS be ˈhard on sb/sth 1 ★ to treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict way 严厉对待，严格批评（某人或某事） ◆ Don't be too hard on him—he's very young. 别对他太苛刻了，他还很小呢。 2 ★ to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sth 使…为难；对…不公平 ◆ It's hard on people who don't have a car. 对于没有车的人来说，这不公平。 3 to be likely to hurt or damage sth 可能损伤，可能损坏（某物） ◆ Looking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes. 成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。 drive/strike a hard ˈbargain to argue in an aggressive way and force sb to agree on the best possible price or arrangement 狠狠地杀价 give sb a hard ˈtime to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for sb 给某人找茬儿；使某人不好过 ◆ They really gave me a hard time at the interview. 面试时他们确实是在难为我。 ˌhard and ˈfast ( especially after a negative 尤用于否定词后 ) that cannot be changed in any circumstances 板上钉钉；不容更改 ◆ There are no hard and fast rulesabout this. 这事没有什么硬性的规定。 (as) ˌhard as ˈnails showing no sympathy, kindness or fear 冷酷无情；铁石心肠；毫无惧色 ˌhard ˈcheese ( BrE) ( informal) used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite) （常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉 ˌhard ˈgoing difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort 难懂；费力 ◆ I'm finding his latest novel very hard going. 我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。 ˌhard ˈluck/ˈlines ( BrE) used to tell sb that you feel sorry for them （表示惋惜）真遗憾，太不幸了 ◆ ‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’ “恐怕我又失败了。”“哦，太不幸了。” the ˈhard way by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes 通过痛苦的经历；通过出错 ◆ She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way. 她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。 make hard ˈwork of sth to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary 在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力 no hard ˈfeelings used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with them （向争论或打败的对方表示继续友好）别往心里去，别记恨 ◆ It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh? 看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？ play hard to ˈget ( informal) to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do sth 故作姿态；故意摆谱；佯装拿架子 too much like hard ˈwork needing too much effort 太费力 ◆ I can't be bothered making a hot meal—it's too much like hard work. 我懒得做热饭热菜，太麻烦了。 ☞more at act n. , job , long adj. , nut n. , rock n. adverb ★ ( hard·er , hard·est ) with effort 努力 1 ★ with great effort; with difficulty 努力地；费力地；艰难地 ◆ to work hard 努力工作 ◆ You must try harder. 你得更加努力。 ◆ She tried her hardestnot to show how disappointed she was. 她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。 ◆ Don't hit it so hard! 别这么用力打！ ◆ He was still breathing hard after his run. 他跑完步，现在还气喘吁吁的。 ◆ Our victory was hard won (= won with great difficulty). 我们的胜利来之不易。 with force 猛力 2 ★ with great force 猛力地；猛烈地: ◆ ( figurative) Small businesses have been hit hard/ hard hitby the recession. 小企业受到了经济衰退的沉重打击。 carefully 仔细 3 ★ very carefully and thoroughly 彻底认真地 ◆ to think hard 认真思考 ◆ We thought long and hardbefore deciding to move house. 我们经过长久慎重的考虑之后才决定搬家。 a lot 大量 4 heavily; a lot or for a long time 沉重地；大量地；长时间地 ◆ It was raining hardwhen we set off. 我们出发时正下着大雨。 left/right 左；右 5 at a sharp angle to the left/right 向左（或右）急转弯 ◆ Turn hard right at the next junction. 在下个路口处向右急转弯。 IDIOMS be/feel hard ˈdone by ( informal) to be or feel unfairly treated 受到不公平待遇；感到委屈 ◆ She has every right to feel hard done by—her parents have given her nothing. 她觉得委屈完全合理，她父母什么都没给她。 be ˌhard ˈpressed/ˈpushed to do sth | be hard ˈput (to it) to do sth to find it very difficult to do sth 很难做某事 ◆ He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance. 他觉得她的消失很难解释得通。 be hard ˈup for sth to have too few or too little of sth 某物匮乏 ◆ We're hard up for ideas. 我们再想不出主意了。 ☞see also hard up ˈhard on sth very soon after 紧接着 ◆ His death followed hard on hers. 她死后不久，他也死了。 take sth ˈhard to be very upset by sth 为某事很苦恼（或难受） ◆ He took his wife's death very hard. 他对妻子的死感到很难过。 ☞more at die v. , heel n. WHICH WORD? 词语辨析 hard / hardly ■ The adverb from the adjective hardis hard. 形容词 hard 的副词为 hard： ◆ I have to work hard today. 今天我得努力工作。 ◆ She has thought very hard about her future plans. 她曾经悉心思考她未来的计划。 ◆ It was raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。 ■ Hardlyis an adverb meaning ‘almost not’. *hardly 为副词，意为几乎不、几乎没有： ◆ I hardly ever go to concerts. 我很少去听音乐会。 ◆ I can hardly wait for my birthday. 我迫切等待着我的生日。 It cannot be used instead of hard. 该词不能代替 hard： ◆ I’ve been working hardly today. ◆ She has thought very hardly about her future plans. ◆ It was raining hardly outside. ■ ➱ note at hardly hard / hɑːd ; NAmE hɑːrd / hard·ness / hɑːdnəs ; NAmE hɑːrdnəs /

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hard 英 [hɑ:d] 　美 [hɑrd]

hard

hard　英 [hɑ:d] 　美 [hɑrd]

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hard 英 [hɑ:d] 美 [hɑrd]

hard

hard 英 [hɑ:d] 美 [hɑrd]

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hard 英 [hɑ:d] 　美 [hɑrd]

hard　英 [hɑ:d] 　美 [hɑrd]