- By means near, beside, or past. When your friend rides by on her bike, she passes close to you.
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- prep. 通过；在附近；在……之前
- adv. 通过；
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1. I come here by bus.
我坐公交来的。
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2. They met by chance.
他们不期而遇。
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3. a house by the river
河边的一所房子
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4. Just drive by. Don't stop.
直接开过去。别停车。
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5. One by one they got out.
他们一个一个地走了出去。
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6. I will contact you by letter.
我会给你写信联系的。
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7. House prices went up by 10%.
房价上涨了 10%。
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8. I took him by the hand.
我拉着他的手。
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9. He was knocked down by a bus.
他被公共汽车撞倒了。
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10. Can you finish the work by five o'clock?
你五点钟前能完成工作吗？
by ★ / baɪ ; NAmE baɪ / preposition , adverb preposition ★ 1 ★ near sb/sth; at the side of sb/sth; beside sb/sth 靠近；在…旁边 ◆ a house by the river 河边的一所房子 ◆ The telephone is by the window. 电话在窗户旁边。 ◆ Come and sit by me. 过来挨着我坐。 2 ★ used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes sth （常置于表示被动的动词后，表示施事者） ◆ He was knocked down by a bus. 他被公共汽车撞倒了。 ◆ a play by Ibsen 易卜生写的剧本 ◆ Who's that book by? 谁是那本书的作者？ ◆ I was frightened by the noise. 我被那响声吓坏了。 3 ★ used for showing how or in what way sth is done （表示方式） ◆ The house is heated by gas. 这房子是煤气供暖的。 ◆ May I pay by cheque? 我能用支票付款吗？ ◆ I will contact you by letter. 我会给你写信联系的。 ◆ to travel by boat/bus/car/plane 乘船╱公共汽车╱轿车╱飞机 ◆ to travel by air/land/sea 坐飞机；经陆路╱海路 ◆ Switch it on by pressing this button. 按下这个开关启动它。 4 ★ used before particular nouns without the,to say that sth happens as a result of sth （置于不带 the 的名词前，表示原因）由于 ◆ They met by chance. 他们不期而遇。 ◆ I did it by mistake. 我误做了这事。 ◆ The coroner's verdict was ‘death by misadventure’. 验尸官判定是“意外致死”。 5 ★ not later than the time mentioned; before 不迟于；在…之前 ◆ Can you finish the work by five o'clock? 你五点钟前能完成工作吗？ ◆ I'll have it done by tomorrow. 我会在明天之前完成这件事。 ◆ By this time next week we'll be in New York. 下星期的这个时候我们将在纽约。 ◆ He ought to have arrived by now/by this time. 他现在应该已经到了。 ◆ By the time (that)this letter reaches you I will have left the country. 你收到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。 6 ★ past sb/sth 经过 ◆ He walked by me without speaking. 他一言不发地从我身边走过。 7 ★ during sth; in a particular situation 在…期间；处于某种状况 ◆ to travel by day/night 白天╱夜间旅行 ◆ We had to work by candlelight. 我们不得不借助烛光工作。 8 ★ used to show the degree or amount of sth （表示程度、数量） ◆ The bullet missed him by two inches. 子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。 ◆ House prices went up by 10%. 房价上涨了 10%。 ◆ It would be better by far (= much better)to… 那比…好得多。 9 ★ from what sth shows or says; according to sth 从…看；依；按照 ◆ By my watch it is two o'clock. 我的表是两点钟。 ◆ I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened. 从她的脸色我可以看出，发生了可怕的事情。 ◆ By law, you are a child until you are 18. 按照法律规定，18 岁之前是未成年人。 10 ★ used to show the part of sb/sth that sb touches, holds, etc. （表示触及或抓住的人或物的部份） ◆ I took him by the hand. 我拉着他的手。 ◆ She seized her by the hair. 她揪住她的头发。 ◆ Pick it up by the handle! 抓着手柄把它提起来！ 11 ★ used with theto show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring sth （与 the 连用，表示时间或量度单位） ◆ We rented the car by the day. 我们按日租用汽车。 ◆ They're paid by the hour. 他们的报酬是按小时计算的。 ◆ We only sell it by the metre. 我们只按米出售。 12 ★ used to state the rate at which sth happens （表示速率） ◆ They're improving day by day. 他们在一天天地改进。 ◆ We'll do it bit by bit. 我们会一点一点地做。 ◆ It was getting worse by the minute (= very fast). 情况急速恶化。 ◆ The children came in two by two (= in groups of two). 孩子们一对一对地走了进来。 13 ★ used to show the measurements of sth （表示尺寸时用） ◆ The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet. 房间 15 英尺宽 20 英尺长。 14 ★ used when multiplying or dividing （用于乘除运算） ◆ 6 multiplied by 2 equals 12. *6 乘以 2 等于 12。 ◆ 6 divided by 2 equals 3. *6 除以 2 等于 3。 15 used for giving more information about where sb comes from, what sb does, etc. （补充有关出生地、职业等的信息） ◆ He's German by birth. 他是德国血统的。 ◆ They're both doctors by profession. 他们两人的职业都是医生。 16 used when swearing to mean ‘in the name of’ （起誓时用）以…的名义 ◆ I swear by Almighty God… 我以全能上帝之名发誓… IDIOM by the ˈby/ˈbye = by the way at way n. adverb ★ 1 ★ past 经过 ◆ Just drive by. Don't stop. 直接开过去。别停车。 ◆ He hurried by without speaking to me. 他没和我说话就匆匆过去了。 ◆ Excuse me, I can't get by. 劳驾，请让开点路。 ◆ Time goes by so quickly. 时光飞逝。 2 used to say that sth is saved so that it can be used in the future （表示保留或保存时用） ◆ I've put some money by for college fees. 我已经存了些钱作大学学费。 3 in order to visit sb for a short time 短暂拜访 ◆ I'll come by this evening and pick up the books. 我今晚过来取书。 IDIOM by and ˈby ( old-fashioned) before long; soon 不久；很快 ◆ By and by she met an old man with a beard. 她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。 by / baɪ ; NAmE baɪ /
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