work
work 英 [wɜ:k] 美 [wɜrk]
n. 工作；作品 vt. 工作 vi. 工作；运作；起作用
进行时:working 过去式:worked 过去分词:worked 第三人称单数:works 名词复数:works
We work from nine to five. 我们从九点工作到五点。
The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。
- The word work has many shades of meaning, but most involve putting in an effort of some sort. You're not going to become an Olympic ice skater overnight. You'll need to do a serious amount of work to get there.
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- n. 工作；作品
- vt. 工作
- vi. 工作；运作；起作用
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1. We work from nine to five.
我们从九点工作到五点。
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2. The phone isn't working.
这部电话坏了。
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3. It works by electricity.
这是电动的。
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4. work out the answer
计算出答案
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5. work out a problem
解决问题
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6. She works for an engineering company.
她在一家工程公司工作。
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7. He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
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8. work the land (= grow crops on it, etc.)
耕种土地
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9. works of fiction/literature
小说╱文学作品
- work (n.) Old English weorc, worc "something done, discreet act performed by someone, action (whether voluntary or required), proceeding, business; that which is made or manufactured, products of labor," also "physical labor, toil; skilled trade, craft, or occupation; opportunity of expending labor in some useful or remunerative way;" also "military fortification," from Proto-Germanic *werkan "work" (source also of Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch werk, Old Norse verk, Middle Dutch warc, Old High German werah, German Werk, Gothic gawaurki), from PIE *werg-o-, suffixed form of root *werg- "to do." Meaning "physical effort, exertion" is from c. 1200; meaning "scholarly labor" or its productions is from c. 1200; meaning "artistic labor" or its productions is from c. 1200. Meaning "labor as a measurable commodity" is from c. 1300. Meaning "embroidery, stitchery, needlepoint" is from late 14c. Work of art attested by 1774 as "artistic creation," earlier (1728) "artifice, production of humans (as opposed to nature)." Work ethic recorded from 1959. To be out of work "unemployed" is from 1590s. To make clean work of is from c. 1300; to make short work of is from 1640s. Proverbial expression many hands make light work is from c. 1300. To have (one's) work cut out for one is from 1610s; to have it prepared and prescribed, hence, to have all one can handle. Work in progress is from 1930 in a general sense, earlier as a specific term in accountancy and parliamentary procedure.
- work (v.) a fusion of Old English wyrcan (past tense worhte, past participle geworht) "prepare, perform, do, make, construct, produce; strive after" (from Proto-Germanic *wurkijan); and Old English wircan (Mercian) "to operate, function, set in motion," a secondary verb formed relatively late from Proto-Germanic noun *werkan (see work (n.)).
work ★ / wɜːk ; NAmE wɜːrk / verb , noun work works worked working verb ★ do job/task 做工；执行任务 1 ★ [intransitive ] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job 做体力（或脑力）工作；劳动；干活 ◆ I can't work if I'm cold. 我要是觉得冷就干不了活。 workat sth ◆ I've been working at my assignment all day. 我整天都在做作业。 workon sth ◆ He is working on a new novel. 他正在写一部新小说。 ◆ She's outside, working on the car. 她在外面修理汽车。 + noun ◆ Doctors often work very long hours. 医生经常长时间工作。 2 ★ [intransitive ] to have a job 受雇于；从事…工作 ◆ Both my parents work. 我父母都工作。 workfor sb/sth ◆ She works for an engineering company. 她在一家工程公司工作。 workin sth ◆ I've always worked in education. 我一直从事教育工作。 workwith sb/sth ◆ Do you enjoy working with children? 你喜欢做儿童工作吗？ workas sth ◆ My son is working as a teacher. 我的儿子是当老师的。 make effort 努力 3 [transitive ] workyourself/sb + adv./prep. to make yourself/sb work, especially very hard 使工作；（尤指）使卖力干活 ◆ She works herself too hard. 她工作起来太不辞劳苦了。 4 ★ [intransitive ] to make efforts to achieve sth 争取；力争；努力取得 workfor sth ◆ She dedicated her life to working for peace. 她为争取和平奉献了自己的一生。 workto do sth ◆ The committee is working to get the prisoners freed. 委员会正在设法营救那些被监禁的人出狱。 manage 管理 5 [transitive ] worksth to manage or operate sth to gain benefit from it 管理，经营（以获利） ◆ to work the land (= grow crops on it, etc.) 耕种土地 ◆ He works a large area (= selling a company's goods, etc.). 他负责一个大地区的工作。 ◆ ( figurative) She was a skilful speaker who knew how to work a crowd (= to excite them or make them feel sth strongly). 她是个很有技巧的演讲者，善于感召听众。 machine/device 机器；装置 6 ★ [intransitive ] to function; to operate 运转；运行 ◆ The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。 ◆ It works by electricity. 这是电动的。 ◆ Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works? 他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗？ 7 [transitive ] worksth to make a machine, device, etc. operate 开动，操作（机器、装置等）；使运作 ◆ Do you know how to work the coffee machine? 你会使用咖啡机吗？ ◆ The machine is worked by wind power. 这台机器是以风力推动的。 have result/effect 有结果╱作用 8 ★ [intransitive ] to have the result or effect that you want 奏效；产生预期的结果（或作用） ◆ The pills the doctor gave me aren't working. 医生给我的药片不管事。 ◆ My plan worked, and I got them to agree. 我的计划奏效了，我让他们同意了。 workon sb/sth ◆ His charm doesn't work on me (= does not affect or impress me). 我不为他的魅力所动。 9 [intransitive ] to have a particular effect 产生…作用 workagainst sb ◆ Your age can work against you in this job. 你的年纪会妨碍你干这个工作。 workin sb's favour ◆ Speaking Italian should work in his favour. 会说意大利语应对他有好处。 10 [transitive ] worksth to cause or produce sth as a result of effort 使奏效；（由于努力）造成，产生 ◆ You can work miracles with very little money if you follow our home decoration tips. 你要是按照我们的家居装饰诀窍行事，可以用很少的钱就产生奇妙的效果。 use material 使用材料 11 [transitive ] to make a material into a particular shape or form by pressing, stretching, hitting it, etc. （通过压挤、拉长、锤击等）使成形，使定形 worksth ◆ to work clay 制陶 ◆ to work gold 打制金器 worksth into sth ◆ to work the mixture into a paste 把混合物调成糊状 12 [intransitive ] workin/with sth (of an artist, etc. 艺术家等 ) to use a particular material to produce a picture or other item 用某种材料作画（或编制、编织等） ◆ an artist working in oils 油画画家 ◆ a craftsman working with wool 毛织手工艺人 of part of face/body 脸╱身体部位 13 [intransitive ] ( formal) to move violently 抽动；抽搐；颤动 ◆ He stared at me in horror, his mouth working. 他恐惧地盯着我，嘴在抽搐着。 move gradually 逐渐移动 14 [intransitive , transitive ] to move or pass to a particular place or state, usually gradually （逐渐地）移动（到某位置）；（逐步）变成（某状态） + adv./prep. ◆ It will take a while for the drug to work out of your system. 这药需要一段时间才能从你体内排出。 ~ your way + adv./prep. ◆ ( figurative) He worked his way to the top of his profession. 他一步一步努力，终于成为行业内的翘楚。 workyourself/sth + adj. ◆ I was tied up, but managed to work myself free. 我被捆绑起来，但设法挣脱了绳索。 + adj. ◆ The screw had worked loose. 这螺丝钉松动了。 IDIOM Most idioms containing workare at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example work your fingers to the boneis at finger. 大多数含 work 的习语，都可在该等习语中的名词及形容词相关词条找到，如 work your fingers to the bone 在词条 finger 下。 ˈwork it/things ( informal) to arrange sth in a particular way, especially by being clever （尤指巧妙地）办成，办妥 ◆ Can you work it so that we get free tickets? 你能不能为我们搞到些免费票？ PHRASAL VERBS ˌwork aˈround/ˈround to sth/sb to gradually turn a conversation towards a particular topic, subject, etc. 渐渐转变（话题、主题等） ◆ It was some time before he worked around to what he really wanted to say. 他东拉西扯了一会才绕到真正要说的事情上来。 ˈwork at sth to make great efforts to achieve sth or do sth well 致力于；努力做 ◆ He's working at losing weight. 他正在努力减肥。 ◆ Learning to play the piano isn't easy. You have to work at it. 学弹钢琴不容易，你非得下功夫不可。 ˌwork sth ˈin | work sth into sth 1 to try to include sth 尽量包括；设法把…加进 ◆ Can't you work a few more jokes into your speech? 难道你就不能在讲话中再增加几句笑话吗？ 2 to add one substance to another and mix them together 掺入；将…搅拌进 ◆ Gradually work in the butter. 逐渐掺进黄油。 ˌwork sth↔ˈoff 1 to get rid of sth, especially a strong feeling, by using physical effort （通过消耗体力）宣泄感情 ◆ She worked off her anger by going for a walk. 她散散步气就消了。 2 to earn money in order to be able to pay a debt 工作以偿债 ◆ They had a large bank loan to work off. 他们有一大笔银行贷款需要偿还。 ˈwork on sb to try to persuade sb to agree to sth or to do sth 努力说服（使某人答应或做某事） ◆ He hasn't said he'll do it yet, but I'm working on him. 他还没说他会做这事，不过我正在设法说服他。 ˈwork on sth to try hard to improve or achieve sth 努力改善（或完成） ◆ You need to work on your pronunciation a bit more. 你需要再加把劲改进发音。 ◆ ‘Have you sorted out a babysitter yet?’ ‘No, but I'm working on it.’ “你找到临时看孩子的保母了吗？”“还没有，我正在找呢。” ˌwork ˈout 1 ★ to train the body by physical exercise 锻炼身体；做运动 ◆ I work out regularly to keep fit. 我经常做运动以保持健康。 ☞related noun workout 2 ★ to develop in a successful way 成功地发展 ◆ My first job didn't work out. 我的第一份工作干得不好。 ◆ Things have worked out quite well for us. 事情的结果对我们很不错。 ˌwork ˈout (at sth) if sth works outat sth, you calculate that it will be a particular amount 计算；计算出 + adj. ◆ It'll work out cheaper to travel by bus. 算来还是乘公共汽车便宜些。 ˌwork sb↔ˈout ( BrE) to understand sb's character 了解，理解（某人的性格） ◆ I've never been able to work her out. 我从未能摸准她的秉性。 ˌwork sth↔ˈout 1 ★ to calculate sth 计算；算出 ◆ to work out the answer 计算出答案 2 ★ ( especially BrE) to find the answer to sth 找…的答案；解决 SYN solve ◆ to work out a problem 解决问题 workwhat, where, etc… ◆ Can you work out what these squiggles mean? 你能辨认出这些潦草的字迹是什么意思吗？ ◆ I couldn't work out where the music was coming from. 我弄不清这音乐是从哪里传来的。 3 ★ to plan or think of sth 计划；思考 ◆ I've worked out a new way of doing it. 我想出了做这事的一个新方法。 4 [usually passive ] to remove all the coal, minerals, etc. from a mine over a period of time 挖尽，开采光（煤、矿产等） ◆ a worked-out silver mine 开采光了的银矿 ˌwork sb↔ˈover ( slang) to attack sb and hit them, for example to make them give you information 拷问；逼供 ˈwork to sth to follow a plan, schedule, etc. 按照（计划、时间表等）；根据…行事 ◆ to work to a budget 按照预算办事 ◆ We're working to a very tight deadline (= we have little time in which to do the work). 我们的工期很紧。 ˈwork towards sth to try to reach or achieve a goal 努力达到，设法完成（目标） ˌwork sth↔ˈup to develop or improve sth with some effort 逐步发展；努力改进 ◆ I can't work up any enthusiasm for his idea. 我对他的想法怎么也热心不起来。 ◆ She went for a long walk to work up an appetite. 她为了增加食欲散了很长时间的步。 ˌwork sb/yourself ˈup (into sth) to make sb/yourself reach a state of great excitement, anger, etc. 使激动；使发怒 ◆ Don't work yourself up into a state about it. It isn't worth it. 别为此大动肝火。这不值得。 ◆ What are you so worked up about? 什么事使得你这么激动？ ˌwork sth ˈup into sth to bring sth to a more complete or more acceptable state 使完整；使完好；修整 ◆ I'm working my notes up into a dissertation. 我正在把我的笔记整理成一篇论文。 ˌwork ˈup to sth to develop or move gradually towards sth, usually sth more exciting or extreme 逐步发展到，逐渐达到（更高或更深的程度） ◆ The music worked up to a rousing finale. 乐曲渐变到一个激动人心的末乐章。 ◆ I began by jogging in the park and worked up to running five miles a day. 我开始在公园里慢跑，后来逐渐增加到一天跑五英里。 noun ★ job/task 工作；任务 1 ★ [uncountable ] the job that a person does especially in order to earn money 工作；职业 SYN employment ◆ She had been out of work (= without a job)for a year. 她已经失业一年了。 ◆ ( BrE) They are in work (= have a job). 他们有工作。 ◆ He started workas a security guard. 他开始工作时做保安员。 ◆ It is difficult to find work in the present economic climate. 在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。 ◆ I'm still looking for work. 我仍在找工作。 ◆ She's planning to return to workonce the children start school. 她正计划孩子一入学就恢复上班。 ◆ What line of workare you in (= what type of work do you do)? 你干哪种工作？ ◆ before/after work (= in the morning/evening each day) 上班前；下班后 ◆ full-time/part-time/unpaid/voluntary work 全日制╱兼职╱无报酬的╱志愿工作 ☞ collocationsat job , unemployment 2 ★ [uncountable ] the duties that you have and the activities that you do as part of your job 职责；工作内容 ◆ Police work is mainly routine. 警察的工作主要都是按常规的。 ◆ The accountant described his work to the sales staff. 会计师向销售部的职员介绍了自己的职责。 ☞see also piecework , social work 3 ★ [uncountable ] tasks that need to be done 工作；活计 ◆ There is plenty of work to be donein the garden. 花园里有很多活要干。 ◆ Taking care of a baby is hard work. 照看婴儿是件苦差。 ◆ I have some work for you to do. 我有些事要你做。 ◆ Stop talking and get on with your work. 别说话了，继续干你们的活儿吧。 ☞see also homework , schoolwork 4 [uncountable ] materials needed or used for doing work,especially books, papers, etc. 工作所需的材料（或档案等） ◆ She often brings work (= for example, files and documents)home with her from the office. 她经常把办公室里的工作带回家。 ◆ His work was spread all over the floor. 他工作的材料摊了一地。 ☞see also paperwork place of job 工作地点 5 ★ [uncountable ] ( used without the 不与 the 连用 ) the place where you do your job 工作地点；工作单位；工作场所 ◆ I go to workat 8 o'clock. 我 8 点钟去上班。 ◆ When do you leave for work? 你什么时候去上班？ ◆ The new legislation concerns health and safety at work. 这项新法规涉及工作场所的健康与安全。 ◆ I have to leave workearly today. 我今天得早点儿下班。 ◆ Her friends from workcame to see her in the hospital. 她工作单位的朋友来医院看望她。 effort 努力 6 ★ [uncountable ] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth 工作；劳动 ◆ She earned her grades through sheer hard work. 她的学习成绩完全是靠刻苦用功得来的。 ◆ We started work onthe project in 2009. 我们从 2009 年开始干这个项目。 ◆ Work continues on renovating the hotel. 修整这家旅馆的工作在继续。 ◆ The work of building the bridge took six months. 修建这座桥的工作用了六个月的时间。 ◆ The art collection was his life's work. 这些艺术品收藏是他一生的成就。 ◆ She set them to workpainting the fence. 她让他们粉刷围墙。 ☞see also donkey work , fieldwork product of work 工作成果 7 ★ [uncountable ] a thing or things that are produced as a result of work 工作成果；产品；作品 ◆ She's an artist whose work I really admire. 她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。 ◆ Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others)? 这件作品是你独立完成的吗？ ◆ The book is a detailed and thorough piece of workcovering all aspects of the subject. 这本书包括了这一学科的方方面面，是一部缜密翔实的大作。 result of action 行动结果 8 [uncountable ] the result of an action; what is done by sb 作为；行动结果 ◆ The damage is clearly the work of vandals. 这毁损显然是些恣意破坏公物的人所为。 book/music/art 书籍；音乐；艺术 9 ★ [countable ] a book, piece of music, painting, etc. 著作；作品 ◆ the collected/complete worksof Tolstoy 托尔斯泰选集╱全集 ◆ works of fiction/literature 小说╱文学作品 ◆ Beethoven's piano works 贝多芬的钢琴曲 ☞compare opus ☞see also work of art building/repairing 修造 10 works [plural ] ( often in compounds 常构成复合词 ) activities involving building or repairing sth 建；修；修建 ◆ roadworks 道路施工 ◆ They expanded the shipyards and started engineering works. 他们扩建造船厂，开始了工程施工。 ☞see also public works factory 工厂 11 works ( plural works ) [countable + singular or plural verb ] ( often in compounds 常构成复合词 ) a place where things are made or industrial processes take place 工厂 ◆ an engineering works 机器制造厂 ◆ a brickworks 砖厂 ☞synonyms at factory parts of machine 机器部件 12 the works [plural ] the moving parts of a machine, etc. （机器等的）活动部件 SYN mechanism everything 所有的事物 13 the works [plural ] ( informal) everything 所有的事物；全套物品 ◆ We went to the chip shop and had the works: fish, chips, gherkins, mushy peas. 我们去薯条店吃了套餐：炸鱼、炸薯条、小黄瓜、豆泥。 physics 物理 14 [uncountable ] the use of force to produce movement 功；做功 ☞see also joule IDIOMS all ˌwork and no ˈplay (makes ˌJack a dull ˈboy) ( saying) it is not healthy to spend all your time working; you need to relax too 只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻 at ˈwork 1 having an effect on sth 起作用 ◆ She suspected that secret influences were at work. 她怀疑有些秘密势力在作祟。 2 ★ work(on sth) busy doing sth 忙着（做某事） ◆ He is still at work on the painting. 他仍在忙着画那幅画。 ◆ Danger—men at work. 危险 — 有人施工。 ★ get (down) to/set to ˈwork to begin; to make a start 开始，着手（工作） ◆ We set to work on the outside of the house (= for example, painting it). 我们从屋子的外部开始干了起来。 give sb the ˈworks ( informal) to give or tell sb everything 给（或告诉）…一切 ˌgood ˈworks kind acts to help others 善行；善举 go/set about your ˈwork to do/start to do your work 做（或着手做）自己的工作 ◆ She went cheerfully about her work. 她高高兴兴地做自己的工作。 have your ˈwork cut out ( informal) to be likely to have difficulty doing sth （做某事）可能有困难 ◆ You'll have your work cut out to get there by nine o'clock. 你九点钟前赶到那里可不容易。 in the ˈworks something that is in the worksis being discussed, planned or prepared and will happen or exist soon 在讨论（或计划、筹备等）中；在酝酿中 SYN in the pipeline the work of a ˈmoment, ˈsecond, etc. ( formal) a thing that takes a very short time to do 即刻做完的事 ☞more at day , devil , dirty adj. , hand n. , hard adj. , job , light adj. , nasty , nice , short adj. , spanner SYNONYMS 同义词辨析 work employment ◆career ◆profession ◆occupation ◆trade These are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time. 以上各词均指有报酬的工作，尤指长期从事的职业。 ■ work the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money 指工作、职业： ◆ It's very difficult to find work at the moment. 目前很难找到工作。 ■ employment ( rather formal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the state of being employed or the situation in which people have work 指工作、职业、受雇、就业： ◆ Only half the people here are in paid employment. 这儿只有一半的人有拿工资的工作。 ■ career the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes 指生涯、职业： ◆ He had a very distinguished career in the Foreign Office. 他在外交部有过一段光辉的事业。 ■ profession a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education 指需要专门技能（尤其是较高教育水平）的职业、专业： ◆ He hopes to enter the medical profession. 他希望能从事医务工作。 NOTE The professionis all the people who work in a particular profession. *the profession 统称某专业的人、同行、同业： ◆ the legal profession 法律界 The professionsare the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer. *the professions 统称需要较高教育水平和训练的传统职业，如医生、律师等。 ■ occupation ( rather formal) a job or profession 指工作、职业： ◆ Please state your name, age, and occupation. 请写明姓名、年龄和职业。 ■ trade a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills 指行业，尤指手工职业、手艺、行当： ◆ Carpentry is a highly skilled trade. 木工是需要纯熟技巧的职业。 PATTERNS ◆ in / in work/employment ◆ (a) full-time / full-time work/employment/career/occupation ◆ permanent / permanent work/employment ◆ (a) well-paidwork/employment/profession/occupation ◆ (a) low-paidwork/employment/occupation ◆ to look for / look for work/employment/a career/an occupation ◆ ■ to get / get work/employment work / wɜːk ; NAmE wɜːrk /
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