stiff
stiff 英 [stɪf] 美 [stɪf]
adj. 坚硬的，僵硬的，生硬的；艰难的
名词复数:stiffs 比较级:stiffer 最高级:stiffest
- Stiff things don’t bend or move easily. Dead bodies and tree branches are often stiff, and your back might feel stiff if you sit for too long. But to stiff the wait staff is to skip the tip. Bad idea.
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- adj. 坚硬的，僵硬的，生硬的；艰难的
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1. stiff cardboard
硬纸板
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2. a stiff brush
硬刷子
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3. I've got a stiff neck.
我脖子发僵。
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4. It was a stiff climbto the top of the hill.
费了好大劲才爬到山顶。
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5. The speech he made to welcome them was stiff and formal.
他那番欢迎他们的话讲得生硬刻板。
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6. The clothes on the washing line were frozen stiff.
挂在晾衣绳上的衣服冻硬了。
- stiff (adj.) Old English stif "rigid, inflexible," from Proto-Germanic *stifaz "inflexible" (source also of Dutch stijf, Old High German stif, German steif "stiff;" Old Norse stifla "choke"), from PIE *stipos-, from root *steip- "press together, pack, cram" (source also of Sanskrit styayate "coagulates," stima "slow;" Greek stia, stion "small stone," steibo "press together;" Latin stipare "pack down, press," stipes "post, tree trunk;" Lithuanian stipti "to stiffen, grow rigid," stiprus "strong;" Old Church Slavonic stena "wall"). Of battles and competitions, from mid-13c.; of liquor, from 1813. To keep a stiff upper lip is attested from 1815. Related: Stiffly.
- stiff (n.) "corpse, dead body," 1859, slang, from stiff (adj.) which had been associated with notion of rigor mortis since c. 1200. Meaning "working man" first recorded 1930, from earlier genitive sense of "contemptible person," but sometimes merely "man, fellow" (1882). Slang meaning "something or someone bound to lose" is 1890 (originally of racehorses), from notion of "corpse."
- stiff (v.) late 14c., "to make stiff," from stiff (adj.). Meaning "fail to tip" is from 1939, originally among restaurant and hotel workers, probably from stiff (n.), perhaps in slang sense of "corpse" (because dead men pay no tips), or from the "contemptible person" sense. Extended by 1950 to "cheat."
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