rough 英 [rʌf] 　 美 [rʌf]

rough

rough　 英 [rʌf] 美 [rʌf]

adj. 粗糙的；粗野的　 v. 艰难渡过，草拟　 n. 艰苦；粗糙的部分　

进行时:roughing　 过去式:roughed　 过去分词:roughed　 第三人称单数:roughs　 名词复数:roughs　 比较级:rougher　 最高级:roughest　

rough ground　高低不平的地面
rough edges 　粗糙的边缘

  • Rough means harsh and uneven. If you want to go driving in the rough terrain of rocky dirt roads, you'll need four-wheel drive and a stomach for bouncing.
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  • adj. 粗糙的；粗野的
  • v. 艰难渡过，草拟
  • n. 艰苦；粗糙的部分
  • adv. 粗糙地；粗暴地

  • 1. rough ground

    高低不平的地面

  • 2. rough edges

    粗糙的边缘

  • 3. I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.

    我大致知道我想去哪里了。（粗糙的想法）

  • 4. a rough draft of a speech

    讲话草稿 （粗糙的稿子)

  • 5. rough kids

    粗野的小孩

  • 6. He's had a really rough time recently (= he's had a lot of problems).

    他最近真是困难重重。(粗糙时刻，即坎坷不平）

  • 7. It was too rough to sail that night.

    那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。（大海粗糙，即风浪不平）

  • 8. I had a rough night (= I didn't sleep well).

    我一夜没睡好觉。

  • 9. rough wooden tables

    粗糙的木桌

  • 10. a rough wine/voice

    口感极差的葡萄酒；刺耳的声音

  • 11. I've roughed out a few ideas.

    我已有几个初步设想。

  • 12. We can sleep on the beach. I don't mind roughing it for a night or two.

    我们可以睡在海滩上，我不介意吃一两夜的苦。

  • 13. He claimed that guards had roughed him up in prison.

    他声称看守们在监狱里殴打了他。

  • rough (adj.) Old English ruh "rough, coarse (of cloth); hairy, shaggy; untrimmed, uncultivated," from West Germanic *rukhwaz "shaggy, hairy, rough" (source also of Middle Dutch ruuch, Dutch ruig, Old High German ruher, German rauh), from Proto-Germanic *rukhaz, perhaps from PIE *reue- "to smash, knock down, tear out, dig up" (source also of Sanskrit ruksah "rough;" Latin ruere "to rush, fall violently, collapse," ruina "a collapse;" Lithuanian raukas "wrinkle," rukti "to shrink").
  • rough (n.) c. 1200, "broken ground," from rough (adj.). Meaning "a rowdy" is first attested 1837. Specific sense in golf is from 1901. Phrase in the rough "in an unfinished or unprocessed condition" (of timber, etc.) is from 1819.
  • rough (v.) late 15c., from rough (adj.). Related: Roughed; roughing. Phrase rough it "submit to hardships" (1768) is originally nautical:
rough ★ / rʌf ; NAmE rʌf / adjective , noun , verb , adverb rough roughs roughed roughing rougher roughest adjective ★ ( rough·er , rough·est ) not smooth 不平滑 1 ★ having a surface that is not even or regular 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的 ◆ rough ground 高低不平的地面 ◆ The skin on her hands was hard and rough. 她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。 ◆ Trim rough edges with a sharp knife. 用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。 OPP smooth not exact 不确切 2 ★ not exact; not including all details 不确切的；粗略的；大致的 SYN approximate ◆ a rough calculation/estimateof the cost 对成本的粗略计算╱估计 ◆ I've got a rough ideaof where I want to go. 我大致知道我想去哪里了。 ◆ There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess. 那里约计有 20 人。 ◆ a rough draft of a speech 讲话草稿 ◆ a rough sketch 草图 violent 粗暴 3 ★ not gentle or careful; violent 粗暴的；粗野的；猛烈的 ◆ This watch is not designed for rough treatment. 这块手表不可猛烈震动。 ◆ They complained of rough handling by the guards. 他们投诉警卫对他们动粗。 ◆ rough kids 粗野的小孩 ◆ Don't try any rough stuffwith me! 别想对我撒野！ 4 ★ where there is a lot of violence or crime 犯罪盛行的；充斥暴力的；危险的 ◆ the roughest neighbourhood in the city 市内最危险的街区 sea 海洋 5 ★ having large and dangerous waves 汹涌的；风浪很大的 ◆ It was too rough to sail that night. 那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。 weather 天气 6 wild and with storms 恶劣的；有暴风雨的 difficult 困难 7 ★ difficult and unpleasant 艰难的；讨厌的；令人不快的 SYN tough ◆ He's had a really rough timerecently (= he's had a lot of problems). 他最近真是困难重重。 ◆ We'll get someone in to do the rough work (= the hard physical work). 我们会找个人来干这重活。 not well 不舒服 8 ( BrE) not feeling well 不舒服的；不适的 ◆ You look rough—are you OK? 你看上去不太舒服，你没事吧？ ◆ I had a rough night (= I didn't sleep well). 我一夜没睡好觉。 plain/basic 简单；基本 9 ★ simply made and not finished in every detail; plain or basic 粗糙的；不够精细的；朴实简单的 ◆ rough wooden tables 粗糙的木桌 ◆ a rough track 凹凸不平的小径 ◆ ( BrE) rough paper for making notes on 做笔记的草稿纸 not smooth 令人不舒服 10 not smooth or pleasant to taste, listen to, etc. 味道差的；涩的；刺耳的；令人难受的 ◆ a rough wine/voice 口感极差的葡萄酒；刺耳的声音 ▶ rough·ness / rʌfnəs ; NAmE rʌfnəs / noun [uncountable ] ☞see also roughly  (2 ) IDIOMS a rough ˈdeal the fact of being treated unfairly 不公平的待遇 rough ˈedges small parts of sth or of a person's character that are not yet as good as they should be 瑕疵；美中不足之处 ◆ The ballet still had some rough edges. 这段芭蕾舞还有不足之处。 ◆ He had a few rough edges knocked off at school. 他在学校改掉了一些坏毛病。 the ˌrough end of the ˈpineapple ( AustralE) ( informal) a situation in which sb is treated badly or unfairly 受到不良（或不公平）对待的处境 ☞more at ride   n. noun in golf 高尔夫球 1 the rough [singular ] the part of a golf coursewhere the grass is long, making it more difficult to hit the ball （高尔夫球场的）深草区 ☞compare fairway drawing/design 绘画；设计 2 [countable ] ( technical 术语 ) the first version of a drawing or design that has been done quickly and without much detail 草稿；草图 violent person 暴徒 3 [countable ] ( old-fashioned, informal) a violent person 暴徒；粗野的人 ◆ a gang of roughs 一帮暴徒 IDIOMS in ˈrough ( especially BrE) if you write or draw sth in rough,you make a first version of it, not worrying too much about mistakes or details 粗略地；大致上 take the ˌrough with the ˈsmooth to accept the unpleasant or difficult things that happen in life as well as the good things 好事坏事都接受；既能享乐也能吃苦 ☞more at bit verb IDIOM ˈrough it ( informal) to live in a way that is not very comfortable for a short time 暂时过艰苦的生活；渡过暂时的难关 ◆ We can sleep on the beach. I don't mind roughing it for a night or two. 我们可以睡在海滩上，我不介意吃一两夜的苦。 PHRASAL VERBS ˌrough sth↔ˈout to draw or write sth without including all the details 画…的草图；草拟 ◆ I've roughed out a few ideas. 我已有几个初步设想。 ˌrough sb↔ˈup ( informal) to hurt sb by hitting or kicking them 殴打；施以暴力 ◆ He claimed that guards had roughed him up in prison. 他声称看守们在监狱里殴打了他。 adverb using force or violence 粗鲁地；粗野地 ◆ Do they always play this rough? 他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？ IDIOM live/sleep ˈrough ( BrE) to live or sleep outdoors, usually because you have no home and no money 风餐露宿（通常因为无家可归或贫穷） ◆ young people sleeping rough on the streets 露宿街头的年轻人 rough / rʌf ; NAmE rʌf / rough·ness / rʌfnəs ; NAmE rʌfnəs /
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