break
break 英 [breɪk] 美 [brek]
v. 打破；弄坏； n. 破裂；间断;休息
进行时:breaking 过去式:broke 过去分词:broken 第三人称单数:breaks 名词复数:breaks
I think I've broken the washing machine. 我想我把洗衣机弄坏了。
to break a cup, to break a window 打破杯子╱窗户
- When you break something, you ruin it. When you take a break, you stop and rest. If you play catch during your lunch break, try not to break any windows.
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- v. 打破；弄坏；
- n. 破裂；间断;休息
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1. I think I've broken the washing machine.
我想我把洗衣机弄坏了。
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2. to break a cup, to break a window
打破杯子╱窗户
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3. He broke the chocolate in two.
他把那块巧克力一分为二。
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4. to break the law, to break the rules
违反法律╱规章╱所定条件
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5. to break an appointment (= not to come to it)
失约
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6. Let's break for lunch.
我们休息一会儿，吃午饭。
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7. She broke the silence by coughing.
她的咳嗽声打破了寂静。
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8. Who's going to break it to her?
由谁来把这事告诉她呢？
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9. to break a code
破译密码
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10. a coffee break, a lunch break, a tea break
用咖啡╱午饭╱茶的休息时间
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11. Come and see me at break.
课间休息时来见我。
- break (n.) c. 1300, "act of breaking, forcible disruption or separation," from break (v.). Sense in break of day "first appearance of light in the morning" is from 1580s; meaning "sudden, marked transition from one course, place, or state to another" is by 1725. Sense of "short interval between spells of work" (originally between lessons at school) is from 1861. Meaning "stroke of luck" is attested by 1911, probably an image from billiards (where the break that scatters the ordered balls and starts the game is attested from 1865). Meaning "stroke of mercy" is from 1914. Jazz musical sense of "improvised passage, solo" is from 1920s. Broadcasting sense is by 1941.
- break (v.) Old English brecan "to divide solid matter violently into parts or fragments; to injure, violate (a promise, etc.), destroy, curtail; to break into, rush into; to burst forth, spring out; to subdue, tame" (class IV strong verb; past tense bræc, past participle brocen), from Proto-Germanic *brekan (source also of Old Frisian breka, Dutch breken, Old High German brehhan, German brechen, Gothic brikan), from PIE root *bhreg- "to break."
break ★ / breɪk ; NAmE breɪk / verb , noun break breaks broke breaking broken verb ★ ( broke / brəʊk ; NAmE broʊk / broken / ˈbrəʊkən ; NAmE ˈbroʊkən / ) in pieces 破碎 1 ★ [intransitive , transitive ] to be damaged and separated into two or more parts, as a result of force; to damage sth in this way （使）破，裂，碎 ◆ All the windows broke with the force of the blast. 爆炸的巨大力量震碎了所有的窗户。 breakin/into sth ◆ She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces. 她把盘子掉在地上打碎了。 breaksth ◆ to break a cup/window 打破杯子╱窗户 ◆ She fell off a ladder and broke her arm. 她从梯子上掉下来，摔断了胳膊。 breaksth in/into sth ◆ He brokethe chocolate in two. 他把那块巧克力一分为二。 ☞ collocationsat injury stop working 停止运转 2 ★ [intransitive , transitive ] to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage sth and stop it from working 弄坏；损坏；坏掉 ◆ My watch has broken. 我的表坏了。 breaksth ◆ I think I've broken the washing machine. 我想我把洗衣机弄坏了。 skin 皮肤 3 [transitive ] breaksth to cut the surface of the skin and make it bleed 弄破；使流血 ◆ The dog bit me but didn't break the skin. 那条狗咬了我，但没咬破皮肤。 law/promise 法律；承诺 4 ★ [transitive ] breaksth to do sth that is against the law; to not keep a promise, etc. 违犯；背弃 ◆ to break the law/rules/conditions 违反法律╱规章╱所定条件 ◆ to break an agreement/a contract/a promise/your word 违反协议╱合同╱允诺；食言 ◆ to break an appointment (= not to come to it) 失约 ◆ He was breaking the speed limit (= travelling faster than the law allows). 他违章超速驾驶。 stop for short time 暂停 5 ★ [intransitive , transitive ] to stop doing sth for a while, especially when it is time to eat or have a drink 稍停；暂停 break(for sth) ◆ Let's break for lunch. 我们休息一会儿，吃午饭。 breaksth ◆ a broken night's sleep (= a night during which you often wake up) 夜间时时醒来不安稳的睡眠 ◆ ( especially BrE) We broke our journeyin Oxford (= stopped in Oxford on the way to the place we were going to). 我们途中在牛津停留了一下。 end sth 中断 6 [transitive ] breaksth to interrupt sth so that it ends suddenly 打断；中断 ◆ She broke the silenceby coughing. 她的咳嗽声打破了寂静。 ◆ A tree broke his fall (= stopped him as he was falling). 他坠落时一棵树挡住了他。 ◆ The phone rang and broke my train of thought. 电话铃响起来，打断了我的思路。 7 [transitive ] breaksth to make sth end by using force or strong action 强行终止；破坏 ◆ an attempt to break the year-long siege 企图冲破长达一年的围困 ◆ Management has not succeeded in breaking the strike. 资方未能使罢工中止。 8 [transitive ] breaksth to end a connection with sth or a relationship with sb 终止，断绝（关系、联系） ◆ He broke all ties with his parents. 他断绝了与父母的一切关系。 escape 逃跑 9 [intransitive ] ~ free (from sb/sth) (of a person or an object 人或物体 ) to get away from or out of a position in which they are stuck or trapped 逃脱；挣脱 ◆ He finally managed to break free from his attacker. 他终于设法逃脱了袭击他的人。 destroy, be destroyed 毁坏；被毁坏 10 [transitive , intransitive ] break(sb/sth) to destroy sth or make sb/sth weaker; to become weak or be destroyed （被）摧毁，削弱 ◆ to break sb's morale/resistance/resolve/spirit 瓦解某人的士气╱抵抗╱决心╱精神 ◆ The government was determined to break the power of the trade unions. 政府决心削弱工会的力量。 ◆ The scandal broke him (= ruined his reputation and destroyed his confidence). 这桩丑闻把他毁了。 ◆ She broke under questioning (= was no longer able to bear it)and confessed to everything. 她经不住盘问，招认了一切。 make sb feel bad 使难过 11 [transitive ] breaksb to make sb feel so sad, lonely, etc. that they cannot live a normal life 使心碎；使十分悲伤；使孤寂 ◆ The death of his wife broke him completely. 妻子的死使他悲痛欲绝。 of weather 天气 12 [intransitive ] to change suddenly, usually after a period when it has been fine （常指好天气）突变 show opening 露出缝隙 13 [intransitive ] to show an opening 露出缝隙；散开 ◆ The clouds broke and the sun came out. 云开日出。 of day/dawn/storm 白天；黎明；风暴 14 [intransitive ] when the day or dawnor a storm breaks,it begins 开始；（风暴）发作 ◆ Dawn was breaking when they finally left. 他们终于离开时正是破晓时分。 ☞see also daybreak of news 消息 15 [intransitive ] if a piece of news breaks,it becomes known 透露；传开 ◆ There was a public outcry when the scandal broke. 丑闻一传开，舆论一片哗然。 ◆ breaking news (= news that is arriving about events that have just happened) 突发性新闻 16 [transitive ] ~ it/the news to sb to be the first to tell sb some bad news （第一个将坏消息向某人）公布，透露，说出 ◆ Who's going to break it to her? 由谁来把这事告诉她呢？ ◆ I'm sorry to be the one to break the news to you. 我很难过，这消息得由我来告诉你。 of voice 嗓音 17 [intransitive ] if sb's voice breaks,it changes its tone because of emotion （因激动）变调 ◆ Her voice broke as she told us the dreadful news. 她告诉我们这可怕的消息时，声音都变了。 18 [intransitive ] when a boy's voice breaks,it becomes permanently deeper at about the age of 13 or 14 （指男孩在 13 或 14 岁时嗓音）变粗，变粗浑 a record 纪录 19 ★ [transitive ] ~ a record to do sth better, faster, etc. than anyone has ever done it before 打破（纪录） ◆ She had broken the world 100 metres record. 她打破了 100 米世界纪录。 ◆ The movie broke all box-office records. 这部影片打破了所有的票房纪录。 of waves 波浪 20 [intransitive ] when waves break,they fall and are dissolved into foam,usually near land 拍岸；迸溅 ◆ the sound of waves breaking on the beach 浪涛拍岸的声音 ◆ The sea was breaking over the wrecked ship. 海浪冲刷着破船的残骸。 sth secret 秘密 21 [transitive ] ~ a code/cipher to find the meaning of sth secret 破译；破解 ◆ to break a code 破译密码 money 钱 22 [transitive ] breaksth ( especially NAmE) to change a banknotefor coins 换成零钱；找开 ◆ Can you break a twenty-dollar bill? 可以给我找开二十元的钞票吗？ IDIOM Idioms containing breakare at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example break sb's heartis at heart. 含 break 的习语，都可在该等习语中的名词及形容词相关词条找到，如 break sb's heart 在词条 heart 下。 PHRASAL VERBS ˌbreak aˈway (from sb/sth) 1 to escape suddenly from sb who is holding you or keeping you prisoner 突然挣脱；逃脱 ◆ The prisoner broke away from his guards. 犯人挣脱了看守。 2 to leave a political party, state, etc, especially to form a new one 脱离，背叛（政党、国家等，尤指再组建新的） ◆ The people of the province wished to break away and form a new state. 该省人民希望分离成立一个新国家。 ☞related noun breakaway (1 ) 3 to move away from a crowd or group, especially in a race （尤指赛跑）抢跑，甩掉 ◆ She broke away from the pack and opened up a two-second lead. 她甩开所有其他赛跑者，以两秒领先。 ˌbreak ˈdown 1 ★ (of a machine or vehicle 机器或车辆 ) to stop working because of a fault 出故障；坏掉 ◆ The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统瘫痪了。 ◆ We (= the car)broke down on the freeway. 我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。 ☞related noun breakdown (1 ) 2 ★ to fail 失败 ◆ Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方谈判失败了。 ☞related noun breakdown (2 ) 3 to become very bad 被搞垮；垮掉 ◆ Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 她因工作压力身体垮掉了。 ☞see also nervous breakdown 4 ★ to lose control of your feelings and start crying 情不自禁地哭起来 ◆ He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 听到这个消息，他不禁失声痛哭。 5 to divide into parts to be analysed 划分（以便分析） ◆ Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages $10m, plant $4m, raw materials $5m. 这项工程的支出费用分项列明如下：工资 1 000 万元，设备 400 万元，原料 500 万元。 ☞related noun breakdown (3 ) ☞language bank at illustrate ˌbreak sth↔ˈdown 1 ★ to make sth fall down, open, etc. by hitting it hard 打倒，砸破（某物） ◆ Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside. 消防队员不得不破门而入，解救困在里面的人。 2 to destroy sth or make it disappear, especially a particular feeling or attitude that sb has 破坏，消除（尤指某种感情或态度） ◆ to break down resistance/opposition 瓦解抵抗╱反对 ◆ to break down sb's reserve/shyness 驱除某人的矜持╱胆怯 ◆ Attempts must be made to break down the barriers of fear and hostility which divide the two communities. 必须设法消除造成这两个社区不和的恐惧和敌意。 3 to divide sth into parts in order to analyse it or make it easier to do 把…分类；划分 ◆ Break your expenditure down into bills, food and other. 把支出费用按账单、食物及其他分类列明。 ◆ Each lesson is broken down into several units. 每一课都分成几部份。 ☞related noun breakdown (3 ) 4 to make a substance separate into parts or change into a different form in a chemical process 使分解（为）；使变化（成） ◆ Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. 糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。 ☞related noun breakdown (4 ) ˈbreak for sth to suddenly run towards sth when you are trying to escape （试图逃脱）突然冲向；向…挣脱 ◆ She had to hold him back as he tried to break for the door. 他试图向门口逃去，她只好拉住他。 ★ ˌbreak ˈin to enter a building by force 强行进入；破门而入 ◆ Burglars had broken in while we were away. 我们不在家时，窃贼闯进屋里了。 ☞related noun break-in ˌbreak sb/sth ˈin 1 to train sb/sth in sth new that they must do 训练某人╱某物；培训 ◆ to break in new recruits 训练新兵 ◆ The young horse was not yet broken in (= trained to carry a rider). 那匹刚长成的马还没被驯服。 2 to wear sth, especially new shoes, until they become comfortable 把…穿得合身，使舒适自如（尤指新鞋） ˌbreak ˈin (on sth) to interrupt or disturb sth 打断；搅扰 ◆ She longed to break in on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude. 她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。 + speech ◆ ‘I didn't do it!’ she broke in. “不是我干的！”她插嘴说。 ˌbreak ˈinto sth 1 ★ to enter a building by force; to open a car, etc. by force 强行闯入；撬开（汽车等） ◆ We had our car broken into last week. 我们的车上周被撬了。 ☞related noun break-in 2 to begin laughing, singing, etc. suddenly 突然开始（笑、唱等） ◆ As the President's car drew up, the crowd broke into loud applause. 总统的座驾停下时，人群中爆发出热烈的掌声。 3 to suddenly start running; to start running faster than before 突然开始（跑）；开始快跑 ◆ He broke into a run when he saw the police. 他看见警察，撒腿就跑。 ◆ Her horse broke into a trot. 她的马突然开始加速小跑。 4 ( BrE) to use a banknoteof high value to buy sth that costs less 找开（大面值钞票买小额商品） ◆ I had to break into a £20 note to pay the bus fare. 我只好找开一张 20 英镑的钞票买公交车票。 5 to open and use sth that has been kept for an emergency 启用（应急备用品） ◆ They had to break into the emergency food supplies. 他们不得不动用应急食物。 6 to be successful when you get involved in sth 成功参与；顺利打入 ◆ The company is having difficulty breaking into new markets. 该公司在打入新市场时遇到困难。 ˌbreak ˈoff 1 ★ to become separated from sth as a result of force 断开；折断 ◆ The back section of the plane had broken off. 飞机尾部脱落了。 2 to stop speaking or stop doing sth for a time 停顿；中断 ◆ He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话说了一半就停住口。 ★ ˌbreak sth↔ˈoff 1 to separate sth, using force 使折断 ◆ She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 她掰了一块巧克力给我。 2 ★ to end sth suddenly 突然终止 ◆ Britain threatened to break off diplomatic relations. 英国威胁说要断绝外交关系。 ◆ They've broken off their engagement. 他们突然解除了婚约。 ★ ˌbreak ˈout (of war, fighting or other unpleasant events 战争、打斗等不愉快事件 ) to start suddenly 突然开始；爆发 ◆ They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out in 1939. *1939 年战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。 ◆ Fighting had broken out between rival groups of fans. 双方球迷发生了打斗。 ◆ Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。 ☞related noun outbreak ˌbreak ˈout (of sth) to escape from a place or situation 逃离（某地）；摆脱（某状况） ◆ Several prisoners broke out of the jail. 几名囚犯越狱了。 ◆ She needed to break out of her daily routine and do something exciting. 她需要从日常事务中解脱出来，找点有意思的事做。 ☞related noun breakout ˌbreak ˈout in sth to suddenly become covered in sth 突然布满某物 ◆ Her face broke out in a rash. 她脸上突然长出一片红疹。 ◆ He broke out in a cold sweat (= for example, through fear). 他突然冒出一身冷汗。 ˌbreak ˈthrough to make new and important discoveries 作出新的重大发现；突破 ◆ Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。 ☞related noun breakthrough ˌbreak ˈthrough | ˌbreak ˈthrough sth 1 to make a way through sth using force 冲破；突破 ◆ Demonstrators broke through the police cordon. 示威群众冲破了警方的警戒线。 2 (of the sun or moon 太阳或月亮 ) to appear from behind clouds 从云层后露出 ◆ The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 下午太阳终于拨云而出。 ˌbreak ˈthrough sth to succeed in dealing with an attitude that sb has and the difficulties it creates 克服；战胜 SYN overcome ◆ He had finally managed to break through her reserve. 他终于设法消除了她的拘谨。 ˌbreak ˈup 1 ★ to separate into smaller pieces 粉碎；破碎 ◆ The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞碎了。 2 ★ to come to an end 结束 ◆ Their marriage has broken up. 他们的婚姻已经破裂。 ☞related noun break-up 3 to go away in different directions 散开；解散 ◆ The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. 会议在十一点散会。 4 ( especially BrE) to begin the holidays when school closes at the end of a term （学校）期终放假 ◆ When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放假过圣诞节？ 5 ( BrE) to become very weak 变得虚弱；垮掉 ◆ He was breaking up under the strain. 过度的劳累使他快要垮了。 6 ( NAmE) to laugh very hard 捧腹大笑 ◆ Woody Allen makes me just break up. 伍迪 · 艾伦令我几乎笑破肚皮。 7 when a person who is talking on a mobile/cell phone breaks up,you can no longer hear them clearly because the signal has been interrupted （打移动电话的人）声音不清（因信号受干扰） ˌbreak sth↔ˈup 1 ★ to make sth separate into smaller pieces; to divide sth into smaller parts 拆开；打散 ◆ The ship was broken up for scrap metal. 船被拆解成为废铁。 ◆ Sentences can be broken up into clauses. 句子可以分成从句。 2 to end a relationship, a company, etc. 结束（关系）；关闭（公司） ◆ They decided to break up the partnership. 他们决定拆伙。 ☞related noun break-up 3 to make people leave sth or stop doing sth, especially by using force （尤指用武力）迫使放弃（某事） ◆ Police were called in to break up the fight. 有人叫来了警察制止打斗。 ★ ˌbreak ˈup (with sb) to end a relationship with sb （同某人）绝交 ◆ She's just broken up with her boyfriend. 她刚刚和男朋友分手。 ☞related noun break-up ˈbreak with sth to end a connection with sth 和某事终止关联；破除 ◆ to break with tradition/old habits/the past 摒弃传统╱旧习惯╱过去 noun ★ short stop/pause 暂停；间歇 1 ★ [countable ] a short period of time when you stop what you are doing and rest, eat, etc. 间歇；休息 ◆ a coffee/lunch/tea break 用咖啡╱午饭╱茶的休息时间 ◆ Let's take a break. 咱们休息会儿吧。 ◆ a break for lunch 午餐休息 ◆ She worked all day without a break. 她接连工作了一整天。 ☞synonyms at rest 2 ( also ˈbreak time ) ( both BrE) ( NAmE re·cess ) [uncountable ] a period of time between lessons at school 课间休息 ◆ Come and see me at break. 课间休息时来见我。 3 ★ [countable ] a pause or period of time when sth stops before starting again 间断；暂停 ◆ a break in my daily routine 我日常生活中的一段小插曲 ◆ She wanted to take a career breakin order to have children. 她想暂时放下工作，去生孩子。 4 ★ [countable ] a pause for advertisements in the middle of a television or radio programme （电视或电台节目的）插播广告的间隙 ◆ More news after the break. 广告后继续报道新闻。 holiday/vacation 假期 5 ★ [countable ] a short holiday/vacation 短期休假 ◆ We had a weekend break in New York. 我们在纽约度过了一个周末假日。 ◆ a well-earned break 应得的休假 change in situation 状况改变 6 [singular ] the moment when a situation or a relationship that has existed for a time changes, ends or is interrupted （持续一段时间的状况或关系的）改变，终止，中断 break(with sb/sth) ◆ He needed to make a complete break with the past. 他得与过去彻底告别。 ◆ a break with tradition/convention (= a change from what is accepted, in sth such as art, behaviour, etc.) 突破传统；破除习俗 break(in sth) ◆ a break in the weather (= a change from one type of weather to a different one) 天气的转变 ◆ a break in diplomatic relations 外交关系的中断 opening/space 缝隙；空间 7 [countable ] break(in sth) a space or an opening between two or more things 间隔；缝隙 ◆ We could see the moon through a break in the clouds. 我们能从云缝里看到月亮。 opportunity 机遇 8 [countable ] ( informal) an opportunity to do sth, usually to get sth that you want or to achieve success 机会；机遇 ◆ I got my lucky breakwhen I won a ‘Young Journalist of the Year’ competition. 我时来运转，在“年度最佳青年记者”竞赛中取胜。 ◆ We've had a few bad breaks (= pieces of bad luck)along the way. 我们一路上遭遇了几次厄运。 of bone 骨骼 9 [countable ] a place where sth, especially a bone in your body, has broken 破裂；骨折 ◆ The X-ray showed there was no break in his leg. *X 光照片显示他的腿没有骨折。 in tennis 网球 10 ( also break of ˈserve ) [countable ] a win in a game in which your opponent is serving 接发球得分 ◆ It was her second break in the set. 这是本盘比赛中她第二次接发球得分。 ◆ break point (= a situation in which, if you win the next point, you win the game) 破对方发球局的末点 in billiards/snooker 枱球；斯诺克 11 [countable ] a series of successful shots by one player; the number of points scored in a series of successful shots 接连击中；接连击中所得的分数 ◆ He's put together a magnificent break. 他连续得了很多分。 ◆ a 147 break (= the highest possible break in snooker) 连得 147 分（斯诺克中的最高连续得分） IDIOMS break of ˈday/ˈdawn ( literary) the moment in the early hours of the morning when it begins to get light 破晓；黎明 give me a ˈbreak! ( informal) used when sb wants sb else to stop doing or saying sth that is annoying, or to stop saying sth that is not true 别烦我了；别胡说了 give sb a ˈbreak to give sb a chance; to not judge sb too severely 给某人一次机会；不苛求某人 ◆ Give the lad a break—it's only his second day on the job. 给这小伙子一次机会，他上工才第二天。 make a ˈbreak for sth/for it to run towards sth in order to try and escape 向某处逃窜；试图逃跑 ◆ He suddenly leapt up and made a break for the door. 他突然一跃而起，向门口逃窜。 ◆ They decided to make a break for it (= to try and escape)that night. 他们决定那天晚上逃跑。 ☞more at clean adj. VOCABULARY BUILDING 词汇扩充 Words that mean 'break' 表示弄碎、破碎的词 burst ◆ The balloon hit a tree and burst. 气球碰到树上就爆了。 crack ◆ The ice started to crack. 冰开始裂了。 crumble ◆ Crumble the cheese into a bowl. 将干酪弄碎放进碗里。 cut ◆ Now cut the wire in two. 现在将电线剪成两段。 fracture ◆ He fell and fractured his hip. 他跌了一跤摔裂了髋骨。 shatter ◆ The vase hit the floor and shattered. 花瓶掉在地板上摔了个粉碎。 smash ◆ Vandals had smashed two windows. 故意破坏公物者打碎了两扇窗户。 snap ◆ I snapped the pencil in half. 我啪的一声将铅笔折成两段。 split ◆ The bag had split open on the way home. 在回家的路上袋子裂开了。 tear ◆ She tore the letter into pieces. 她把信撕碎了。 All these verbs, except cut,can be used with or without an object. 除 cut 外，上述动词带不带宾语均可。 break / breɪk ; NAmE breɪk / broke / brəʊk ; NAmE broʊk / broken / ˈbrəʊkən ; NAmE ˈbroʊkən /
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